By Victor Ogiemwonyi
What T+1 Settlement Means
T+1 settlement refers to trade date plus one business day.
If you buy or sell a stock on Monday, the transaction settles on Tuesday: money moves, and ownership is finalized.
This reform reduces market and counterparty risk, improves efficiency, and aligns Nigeria with global best practice. Major markets such as the US, Canada, Mexico, India, and China have already transitioned to T+1.
Surprisingly, European markets remain on T+2 and plan their transition only in October 2027.
Why FTSE Russell Is Holding Back
Nigeria’s move to T+1 has triggered resistance from FTSE Russell, which is delaying reclassification of Nigeria’s market. According to Akinbamidele Akintola (Otunba Delz), the index provider wants Nigeria to create separate settlement rules: one for domestic investors and another for foreign portfolio investors.
Their concern is FX settlement risk. They want to avoid carrying that risk for 24 hours, preferring Nigeria to hedge it for them. In essence, they want profits without exposure.
Local vs Foreign Investor Treatment
Under T+1, local investors must pre‑fund trades. Foreign investors, however, want exemptions that allow them to continue “carry trade” practices—borrowing naira against FX deposits, inflating prices, and exiting quickly with profits.
This pump‑and‑dump strategy destabilizes the market. Nigeria’s recent sharp corrections and pressure on the naira may partly reflect such trading.
Nigeria Should Resist This Imposition.
Courting foreign portfolio investors should not come at Nigeria’s expense. They enter markets only when profitable; they are not doing Nigeria a favor.
While index classification promises benefits, such as liquidity and passive inflows, these remain theoretical if foreign investors dictate rules.
If they refuse to accept FX risk, they can stay away. Nigeria’s market has performed better since their withdrawal in 2023.
Current Market Correction:
Is Beyond T+1
Some argue the current correction stems from T+1
The truth is mixed:
*Yes: Foreign investors have exited, taking profits from the past two quarters.
*No: Seasonal corrections also play a role
*election uncertainty and politicians withdrawing funds, to run their elections.
*profit‑taking after the unprecedented price spikes.
*leverage is also unwinding under compressed settlement.
Local institutional investors who relied on leverage must now provide cash daily.
Some investors are also selling to position for the Dangote Refinery offer, following unprecedented price surges earlier in the year.
The Bigger Picture
Nigeria should not allow fear‑mongering to derail reform. T+1 settlement is a milestone in market infrastructure, reducing risk and aligning with global standards. Foreign investors who want to participate must accept the same rules as locals.
The definition of a frontier market is riskiness. If foreign investors cannot accept Nigeria’s FX risk, they should stay away. Those who seek the unusual profits Nigeria offers, will continue to trade here regardless of classification.
Nigeria’s transition to T+1 is a bold step toward efficiency and resilience. FTSE Russell’s hesitation reflects foreign investors’ desire to avoid risk while reaping profits. But reforms must serve Nigeria’s long‑term stability, not external interests.
As Franklin Roosevelt once said: “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” Nigeria should continue its reforms at its own pace, confident that genuine investors will follow.
Victor Ogiemwonyi is a retired Investment banker and writes from Ikoyi, Lagos.
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